6. PLANNING

PLANNING

Forecasting- Estimating future on a systematic footing & judgements of future condition well in advance.

Importance of forecasting-

1. It helps effective Planning by providing scientific & reliable bases.
2. It reduces the area of uncertainty that surrounds decision.
3. It helps to search best possible decision.
4. It discloses the area where control is lacking.

Planning- Kenneth H. Killen.
Planning is the process of deciding in advance of what is to be done, who is to do it, How it is to be done & where it is to be done.

Terry Allen define & interpreted the term Planning as an exercise to visualize or anticipate or Project the future.

M.E.Hurley- Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done it involves the selection of objec tives, policies, prdocedures & programmes from among alternatives.

Importance of Planning-

1. Clearly define Objective.
2. Selection of particular process.
3. Solve Problems well in advance.
4. Minimize risks.
5. Control deviation.
6. In courage creativity.
7. Better co-ordination.
8. Reduce workload & tension,

Steps in Planning Process-

1. Establishment of Objectives.
2. Forecasting.
3. Integration of alternatives at all level.
4. Choose among alternative.
5. Counting uncertainties ahead.
6. Controlling the activity.
7. Co-ordination, Team-spirit & Co-operation in operation.
8. Follow up.