20. Management Information System (MIS)

Definition, Objectives, Functions, Structure, and the Role of Computers

Introduction

In the modern age of information and technology, the success of any organisation greatly depends on its ability to collect, manage, and utilise data effectively. A Management Information System (MIS) serves as a structured mechanism that supports managerial functions by delivering timely, relevant, and accurate information. It enables the planning, coordination, monitoring, and decision-making processes across all levels of management. MIS transforms raw data into meaningful insights that facilitate strategic and operational efficiency.

19. Coordination in Management: Meaning, Importance, Principles, Barriers & Techniques

19. Coordination in Management

Definition, Objectives, Principles, Barriers, and Techniques

Introduction

In any organisation, the achievement of objectives does not rely solely on planning and issuing instructions. True effectiveness is realised when all parts of the organisation—people, processes, and departments—work in harmony toward a common goal. This integration of efforts and resources is achieved through a fundamental managerial function known as Coordination.

Coordination is the deliberate effort to synchronise the activities and contributions of different individuals and units within an organisation so that they collectively contribute to organisational objectives. It ensures that actions are not isolated but aligned, purposeful, and efficient. Without coordination, even the most well-devised plans may fail to deliver the intended outcomes.